Phu Quoc Ridgeback: Origin, Characteristics, and Care

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback, also known as the Vietnamese Phu Quoc dog, is a rare and remarkable breed celebrated for its distinctive appearance and sharp intelligence. Native to Phu Quoc Island, these dogs are an integral part of the local culture and a symbol of loyalty. This article explores the breed’s origins, characteristics, and unique qualities, illustrating why the Phu Quoc Ridgeback is a treasured companion.

Phu Quoc Ridgeback: Origin and Characteristics – Visit 3 Phu Quoc Dog Farms

Quick facts about Phu Quoc dogs:

1. History of the Phu Quoc Ridgeback

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback, distinguished by the prominent ridge of fur along its back, originates from Phu Quoc Island in Kien Giang, Vietnam. Various theories suggest the breed’s ancestry includes wild dogs crossed with curly-haired breeds from French or Dutch ships or Thai dogs brought by merchants. Although these hypotheses lack definitive proof, the breed’s history traces back to at least the 17th or 18th century. Today, it is celebrated as one of Vietnam’s “Four Great National Dogs,” alongside the Bac Ha Dog, Lai Dog, and H’Mong Bobtail.

The Phu Quoc dog breed has a unique identifying feature: a unique ridge of fur on its back.

2. Physical Characteristics

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback is medium-sized, with a sleek, toned body built for agility and strength. Males typically weigh 15-20 kg, while females range from 12-18 kg. They measure 48-55 cm in height, with a length of 110-117 cm.

Adult Phu Quoc Ridgeback have a slender, toned body compared to when they were young.

Distinct Features:

• Coat: Short, smooth, and close-fitting, the coat features a signature ridge along the spine. Common colors include jet black, tawny, brindle, and spotted.
  • Jet Black: A fully black coat, sometimes with brown spots.
  • Tawny: Predominantly found on the island, often with a black mask and tail.
  • Brindle: A rare mix of red or orange with black.
  • Spotted: White base with patches of various colors.
• Head and Face: A small head, long muzzle, and distinctive longitudinal groove on the forehead. The eyes are large, slightly slanted, and outlined in black.
• Body: Broad chest, long neck, and slender, straight legs. The webbed paws enhance their swimming abilities.
• Ridges: The dorsal ridge varies in shape—sword, board, or knife—each adding to their unique appearance.

The basic black and yellow brindle coat pattern of Phu Quoc dogs compared to the solid color of ordinary dogs.

The purebred Phu Quoc dog breed is divided into 4 main coat pattern.

There are 3 most outstanding types of Phu Quoc dog dorsal ridges. They are sword ridge, board ridge and knife ridge if only considering the coat pattern:

• Sword ridge Phu Quoc Ridgeback: Sword ridge is a type of ridge that runs down the back like a sword, this is the most common type of ridge and is chosen by many people to buy.

Phu Quoc dog with a sword-shaped back dorsal ridge.

• Board ridge Phu Quoc Ridgeback: Board ridge is a type of hair ridge that has the shape of a diamond. Quite similar to the sword ridge but will be shorter in length and the horizontal part is wider.

The board ridge is a diamond-shaped hair pattern of the Phu Quoc dog.

• Knife ridge Phu Quoc Ridgeback: This is the type of hair that looks like the head of a spear, a sharp knife.

Phu Quoc dog with a knife-shaped coat.

Overall, these are the 3 basic and most common ridge shapes. Some people want to buy dogs with 2 ridges on their back or dogs with ridges on their buttocks. In fact, that type is very rare, too rare to sell.

3. Temperament and Behavior

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback is renowned for its intelligence, loyalty, and trainability. These dogs excel in learning commands and are highly obedient to their owners. While affectionate and friendly with familiar people, they are territorial and cautious with strangers, making them excellent watchdogs. Historically a hunting breed, they retain strong instincts and excel in tracking and retrieving tasks.

Although generally gentle, their wild lineage can manifest in cautious or defensive behavior if not properly socialized. They are protective and will instinctively guard their territory, showing aggression only when provoked.

4. Lifespan and Health

With a lifespan of 9-17 years, the Phu Quoc Ridgeback is robust and resilient. Their genetic heritage minimizes susceptibility to congenital diseases, and their adaptable nature enables them to thrive in diverse climates. Regular vaccinations and a balanced diet are essential to maintaining their health.

During the reproductive period, Phu Quoc Ridgeback are pregnant for about 50-60 days before giving birth and are considered to be fast compared to native dogs (usually 58-68 days). Phu Quoc Ridgeback give birth to 5-8 puppies per litter, 2 litters per year.

5. Diet and Care

Diet:

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback thrives on a protein-rich diet including meat, fish, eggs, and seafood. While they are not picky eaters, limiting starchy and processed foods prevents digestive issues.

Grooming:

• Coat: Due to their short fur, grooming is low-maintenance. Regular baths—1-2 times per week in colder climates—and routine checks for skin conditions are sufficient.
• Teeth: Dental hygiene is crucial; weekly brushing with dog-specific toothpaste is recommended.
• Vaccinations: Preventative care includes timely vaccinations, especially for intestinal and respiratory diseases common when adapting to new environments.

6. Conservation and Performance Training

Phu Quoc dogs are loyal, brave but also very scary to strangers.

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback Conservation Center, established in 2000 on Phu Quoc Island, houses over 200 dogs. Spanning nearly 15 hectares, the facility includes areas for wilderness training, breeding, and performance displays. Visitors can witness impressive feats such as obstacle navigatio

n, fence jumping, and swimming—skills that showcase their agility and intelligence. The center’s annual dog racing event, held between October and December, is a must-see attraction.

7. Market Value and Purchasing Tips

Pricing:

• Vietnam: 3-6 million VND ($130-$260 USD).
• Western Countries: $2,000-$5,000 USD, with rare instances exceeding $10,000 USD due to import costs and rarity.

Factors Influencing Price:

• Gender: Males are often pricier due to their physical attributes.
• Pedigree: Dogs with documented lineage fetch significantly higher prices.
• Coat and Ridge: Rarer patterns and dual ridges command premium prices.

When purchasing a Phu Quoc Ridgeback, ensure the source is reputable and the dog receives proper care.

8. Visiting Phu Quoc Ridgeback Farms

Admire the special performance at Thanh Nga Phu Quoc Dog Farm.

A visit to the Thanh Nga Conservation Center offers a unique opportunity to observe these

dogs in their natural habitat. Located near Suoi Tranh Tourist Area, the center features kennels, racetracks, and forests where dogs roam freely. Highlights include:

• Performances showcasing agility and intelligence.
• Interaction with well-trained and friendly dogs.
• Learning about the breed’s history and care.

Visitor Information:

• Address: Hamlet 77, Suoi Mo Hamlet, Duong To, Kien Giang, Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam.
• Hours: 8:00 AM – 6:00 PM daily.
• Ticket Price: 50,000 VND per person.

Caring for Phu Quoc dogs. (Photo: puredogtalk.com)

Phu Quoc Ridgeback in a swimming competition (Photo: laodong)

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback is more than a dog—it is a cultural icon of Vietnam, embodying loyalty, intelligence, and adaptability. Whether as a companion or a subject of admiration at conservation centers, this breed leaves an indelible impression on all who encounter it. If you have the chance to visit Phu Quoc Island, don’t miss the opportunity to learn about and experience the extraordinary Phu Quoc Ridgeback firsthand.

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