Phu Quoc Ridgeback: Vietnam’s Rare and Loyal Ridgeback Dog

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback, also known as the Vietnamese Phu Quoc dog, is a rare and remarkable breed celebrated for its distinctive appearance and sharp intelligence. Native to Phu Quoc Island, these dogs are an integral part of the local culture and a symbol of loyalty. This article explores the breed’s origins, characteristics, and unique qualities, illustrating why the Phu Quoc Ridgeback is a treasured companion.

Quick facts about Phu Quoc dogs:

1. History of the Phu Quoc Ridgeback

The Phu Quoc dog breed has a unique identifying feature: a unique ridge of fur on its back.

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback, distinguished by the prominent ridge of fur along its back, originates from Phu Quoc Island in Kien Giang, Vietnam. Various theories suggest the breed’s ancestry includes wild dogs crossed with curly-haired breeds from French or Dutch ships or Thai dogs brought by merchants. Although these hypotheses lack definitive proof, the breed’s history traces back to at least the 17th or 18th century. Today, it is celebrated as one of Vietnam’s “Four Great National Dogs,” alongside the Bac Ha Dog, Lai Dog, and H’Mong Bobtail.

2. Physical Characteristics

2.1. General appearance of the Phu Quoc Ridgeback

Adult Phu Quoc Ridgeback have a slender, toned body compared to when they were young.

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback is medium-sized, with a sleek, toned body built for agility and strength. Males typically weigh 15-20 kg, while females range from 12-18 kg. They measure 48-55 cm in height, with a length of 110-117 cm.

Distinct Features:

• Coat: Short, smooth, and close-fitting, the coat features a signature ridge along the spine. Common colors include jet black, tawny, brindle, and spotted.
  • Jet Black: A fully black coat, sometimes with brown spots.
  • Tawny: Predominantly found on the island, often with a black mask and tail.
  • Brindle: A rare mix of red or orange with black.
  • Spotted: White base with patches of various colors.
• Head and Face: A small head, long muzzle, and distinctive longitudinal groove on the forehead. The eyes are large, slightly slanted, and outlined in black.
• Body: Broad chest, long neck, and slender, straight legs. The webbed paws enhance their swimming abilities.
• Ridges: The dorsal ridge varies in shape-sword, board, or knife-each adding to their unique appearance.

2.2. How many types of Phu Quoc Ridgebacks are there?

How many types of Phu Quoc Ridgebacks are there?

Phu Quoc Ridgebacks are commonly classified into four distinctive types based on their coat colors and patterns: Jet Black, Fiery Yellow, Brindle (Tiger Stripes), and Spotted. The easiest way to identify a Phu Quoc Ridgeback is by its signature dorsal ridge. However, due to natural variation and selective breeding, local islanders often categorize them by coat color and pattern.

• Jet Black Phu Quoc Ridgeback: This type is characterized by a solid black coat covering the entire body. Some individuals may have small brown patches on the chest, tail, or paws.

• Fiery Yellow Phu Quoc Ridgeback: One of the most common types found on Phu Quoc Island. These dogs typically feature a black “mask” on the face and a black tail.

• Brindle (Tiger Stripe) Phu Quoc Ridgeback: Considered one of the most beautiful color variations, this type features a mix of red or orange base with black stripes. It is relatively rare, which makes it more valuable.

• Spotted Phu Quoc Ridgeback: This variety typically has a white base coat with spots or patches of various colors, such as black, brown, or yellow.

2.3. How many ridge types do Phu Quoc Ridgebacks have?

There are 3 most outstanding types of Phu Quoc dog dorsal ridges. They are sword ridge, board ridge and knife ridge if only considering the coat pattern:

• Sword ridge Phu Quoc Ridgeback: Sword ridge is a type of ridge that runs down the back like a sword, this is the most common type of ridge and is chosen by many people to buy.

Sword ridge Phu Quoc Ridgeback

• Board ridge Phu Quoc Ridgeback: Board ridge is a type of hair ridge that has the shape of a diamond. Quite similar to the sword ridge but will be shorter in length and the horizontal part is wider.

Phu Quoc dog with a sword-shaped back dorsal ridge.

• Knife ridge Phu Quoc Ridgeback: This is the type of hair that looks like the head of a spear, a sharp knife.

Phu Quoc dog with a knife-shaped coat.

Overall, these are the 3 basic and most common ridge shapes. Some people want to buy dogs with 2 ridges on their back or dogs with ridges on their buttocks. In fact, that type is very rare, too rare to sell.

2.4. Lifespan and Health

Phu Quoc dog digs litter

With a lifespan of 9-17 years, the Phu Quoc Ridgeback is robust and resilient. Their genetic heritage minimizes susceptibility to congenital diseases, and their adaptable nature enables them to thrive in diverse climates. Regular vaccinations and a balanced diet are essential to maintaining their health.

During the reproductive period, Phu Quoc Ridgeback are pregnant for about 50-60 days before giving birth and are considered to be fast compared to native dogs (usually 58-68 days). Phu Quoc Ridgeback give birth to 5-8 puppies per litter, 2 litters per year.

3. Is it easy to raise a Phu Quoc Ridgeback?

3.1. How to care for and train a Phu Quoc Ridgeback

How to care for and train a Phu Quoc Ridgeback

Phu Quoc Ridgebacks are generally easier to raise than many other dog breeds due to their natural instincts developed in the wild, where they often lived in caves or burrows. However, to ensure your dog stays healthy and thrives, follow these care guidelines:

What do Phu Quoc Ridgebacks eat?

These dogs prefer protein-rich foods such as meat, eggs, animal organs, seafood, and fish — all great sources of protein, fat, iron, and calcium. They’re not picky eaters and don’t require an overly strict diet like some other breeds.

Phu Quoc Ridgebacks are flexible with their meals and can eat a variety of foods provided by their owner, from vegetables and fruits to meats. However, too much starch or processed food should be avoided as it can cause digestive issues.

Hygiene and grooming

• Regularly check and clean their skin to prevent infections.

• Their short coat doesn’t require trimming, but frequent bathing is needed in cooler climates.

• In northern or central Vietnam, limit baths to 1–2 times per week and use warm water to avoid chills.

Dental care is also important. Brush their teeth regularly using dog-safe toothpaste or a mix of baking soda and mouthwash. Your vet can advise on preventing gum disease and maintaining oral health.

Health and vaccinations

Common health issues for Phu Quoc Ridgebacks include:

• Digestive problems due to environmental changes.

• Respiratory illnesses when exposed to cold weather (since they are used to tropical climates).

The best way to prevent these is by ensuring full vaccination. The 5-in-1 vaccine should be administered at 2, 3, and 4 months old, followed by annual boosters.

Exercise and training

Phu Quoc Ridgebacks require regular physical activity. Daily walks, running, ball games, or dog sports are great for their physical and mental stimulation.

Early training helps them learn quickly. Basic obedience and socialization should begin in puppyhood.

Common health issues

• Infectious diseases: Care, Parvo, Adenovirus – vaccination is key.

• Skin conditions: Mange, fungal infections – common due to their love of swimming.

• Joint problems: Arthritis, degeneration in older dogs.

• Epidermoid cysts: A breed-specific condition. Monitor closely and consult a vet if any abnormalities appear.

4.2. Are Phu Quoc Ridgebacks intelligent?

Are Phu Quoc Ridgebacks intelligent?

Phu Quoc Ridgebacks are incredibly smart, obedient, and easy to train. They quickly understand commands and are loyal and affectionate with their owners and familiar people.

However, they are territorial and highly alert with strangers. They won’t take food from strangers and instinctively protect their environment from unfamiliar people.

Many dog lovers ask: Are Phu Quoc Ridgebacks aggressive? Do they bite?

Generally, they are gentle hunting dogs. However, untrained or unsocialized individuals may exhibit aggressive behavior, especially in unfamiliar settings. They may growl or bite when provoked, such as having their ears pulled or tail grabbed — this is a natural defensive instinct (according to veterinarians at PetHealth Hospital, Hanoi).

Phu Quoc Ridgebacks are also skilled hunters and won’t let prey escape their sight. This instinct likely dates back to their wild roots as pack hunters. Their intelligence and resourcefulness make them excellent companions for hunting.

Historically, these dogs were known for their loyalty. They were honored as “Royal Dogs” (Vương Khuyển) by Emperor Gia Long, after four Phu Quoc dogs reportedly saved his life twice before he rose to power.

4.3. How much does a Phu Quoc Ridgeback cost?

Phu Quoc Ridgebacks are priced between 3–6 million VND depending on factors like gender, age, bloodline, and especially coat color and ridge type.

Here’s a basic price guide:

• Male dogs usually cost more due to their strength and agility.

• Puppies from well-known or award-winning bloodlines or rare ridge patterns may cost 1–4 million VND more.

• Dogs with full pedigrees and documentation may fetch up to 2–4 times higher prices, especially when sold internationally.

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5. Visiting Phu Quoc Ridgeback farms

Admire the special performance at Thanh Nga Phu Quoc Dog Farm.

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback Conservation Center, established in 2000 on Phu Quoc Island, houses over 200 dogs. Spanning nearly 15 hectares, the facility includes areas for wilderness training, breeding, and performance displays. Visitors can witness impressive feats such as obstacle navigation, fence jumping, and swimming-skills that showcase their agility and intelligence. The center’s annual dog racing event, held between October and December, is a must-see attraction.

A visit to the Thanh Nga Conservation Center offers a unique opportunity to observe these

dogs in their natural habitat. Located near Suoi Tranh Tourist Area, the center features kennels, racetracks, and forests where dogs roam freely. Highlights include:

• Performances showcasing agility and intelligence.
• Interaction with well-trained and friendly dogs.
• Learning about the breed’s history and care.

Visitor Information:

• Address: Hamlet 77, Suoi Mo Hamlet, Duong To, Kien Giang, Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam.
• Hours: 8:00 AM – 6:00 PM daily.
• Ticket Price: 50,000 VND per person.

Phu Quoc Ridgeback in a swimming competition

Some pictures of Phu Quoc Ridgeback dogs

Wild Phu Quoc Ridgeback

The Phu Quoc Ridgeback is more than a dog-it is a cultural icon of Vietnam, embodying loyalty, intelligence, and adaptability. Whether as a companion or a subject of admiration at conservation centers, this breed leaves an indelible impression on all who encounter it. If you have the chance to visit Phu Quoc Island, don’t miss the opportunity to learn about and experience the extraordinary Phu Quoc Ridgeback firsthand.

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